MOTS-C

MOTS-C (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondria-derived peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome's 12S rRNA region. First identified in 2015 by Lee et al., it represents a class of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) that function as metabolic regulators.

Research has focused on MOTS-C's role in metabolic signalling, with particular interest in its interactions with nuclear gene expression. Studies suggest it may translocate to the nucleus under stress conditions to modulate gene transcription. Investigations into its potential effects on healthy ageing, obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, and exercise adaptation continue to make it an active subject of preclinical research.

Origin

Mitochondria-derived peptide

Research Areas

Metabolic signalling, insulin sensitivity, exercise

Amino Acids

16 residues

Molecular Weight

~2.17 kDa

First Identified

2015 — Lee et al.

Key Pathway

AMPK · FOXO · PPAR

Research Models

Murine metabolic models

Status

Preclinical research

1. 01AMPK ActivationMOTS-C has been shown to activate AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. Research investigates downstream effects on glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis.
2. 02Insulin SensitivityLaboratory studies have examined MOTS-C's effects on insulin signalling pathways, including PI3K/AKT activation and GLUT4 translocation. Research models suggest potential roles in glucose regulation and insulin resistance.
3. 03Exercise MimeticResearch has investigated MOTS-C as an exercise mimetic, with studies reporting effects on endurance capacity and metabolic adaptation in preclinical models. Its mitochondrial origin distinguishes it from other metabolic peptides.